Lined furnace wall



April 8, 1952 w. SAMPSON LINED FURNACE WALL Filed Sept. 25,, 1946'3nnentor M4 4m JAMRm/v (Ittorneg Patented Apr. 8, 1952 assignor, 'byme'sne assignments, to Foster Wheeler Corporation, New York, N. Y.,a"corp'oration of New York Application September 23, 1 946, Serial No.698,608 x In Great Britain January- 28, 1946 Claims.

:Brick' wall construction or the building of furnace linings, in steamboilers for example, has long been the subjectof much investigation butso far asI am aware none of the various proposals has in practice provedentirely satisfactory.

The expedient most frequently resorted to in naval and mercantile marineboilers is to aliix furnace bricks or slabs to supports by metalfasteningimeans protected as far as possible against deterioration byheat from within the furnace during use. However whether the brick bemade to enablethe fastening device to pass therethrough from front toback and be subsequently covered at the front by aplastic filling,or'alternatively entered into a housing from the rear of the brick, theweight of the brick is not adequately borne or supported and breakageis. likely to'occur. I

The principal object of the present invention is to :secure bricks orslabs such as referred to in a better manner than heretofore, avoidingsome of the objections to known proposals while preserving or enhancingnon-objectionable features.

'Tothis "end it is arranged that direct clamping tolits support of onebrick results in the clamping of an adjacent brick to the same supportpreferably through the intermediary of anchor- .ing or keying means,hereinafter referred to as :keys. The clamping means are operable frombehind the wall in usual or any suitable man- .ner and the keys areadapted to be placed in position between the bricks prior to clamping;they need not be exposed to the interior of the furnace. Preferably thekeys are adapted to lessen the transmission of heat from the furnace tothe clamping means.

The clamping means, and keys when employed, ,may be variouslyconstituted but as furnace wall bricks having a groove formed in atleast two opposite sides between the front and back faces are commonlyused it will be conve'nie'ntto describe by way of example with the*a'idbf the accompanying drawings oneembodi- 'ment-bf the invention asapplied thereto from 'which'modifications will be readily ascertainable.

bricks are to 'beassembled in vertical rows, 'Fig.

1 illustrating one whole brick I located between 2 fragments of twobricks 2 and 3. With each brick is associated a clamp in the form of abracket '4 "upon which rests the lower grooved side of su'ch'brick, saidbracket having a downwardly extending lip 5 adapted to enter the uppergrooved side of a brick below.

A space exists in the juxtaposed grooves of both bricks :in front of thebracket lip 5 large enough to accommodate a key 6 which when the wall iserected occupies both grooves so that the pressure exerted upon onebrick say the brick I when clamped is transmitted from that brickthrough the key to the companion brick 2. Thekeyt can be inserted inboth grooves during erection but since it is desired to be able toreplace a damaged brick by another at any time, the bottom groove 1 ineach brick is made deep enoughto accommodate the. key 6 clear of thebrick below so that the replacement brick say the :brick I with key inposition can be tilted into place. When the replacement brick l is homethe key 6 falls by gravity partly into the top groove 8 of the brick 3below, whereupon the clamp can be tightened to hold both brickstogether. In other words the key 6 may be described as a loose metalpiece Figs. 4 and 5 somewhat wider than the relatively broad metalbracket Figs. 2 and 3 which is inserted into the lower groove of thereplacement brick I when the brick is installed. This key is so shapedand sized that is inserted deeply into the groove 1 of the replacementbrick I when inserting the brick. When the replacement brick l is soinserted that the bracket 4 carrying thebrick 3 aboveit has its lip 5 inthe upper groove 9 of the replacement brick l the loose key 6 in thelower and opposite groove riding deeply in the groove 1,-=a1lows thebrick i to be put in its place until itrests on the bracket 4provided'for supporting the weight of'the replacement brick. Then theloose key 6 is made to drop until it protrudes by say about half itsdepth into the groove 8 'of the brick 3 below the replacement brick Ithus providing What is in effect a lock preventing the brick from comingoutwards.

Each brick interlocks with its neighbour above and below, but each hasits own weight carrying bracket 4.

The key 6 which creates a locking arrangement-ofthe whole wallwillpreferably be made of goodheat resisting metalormaterial, so as toscreen'the 's'upporting bracket against heat. and is so formed andrecessed as at Sat, Fig. 5, that it fits on to theturned down lip 5 ofthe bracket, supporting the bricks vertically, being preferably providedwithstops I!) so that it is substantially restrained from moving endwisealong the *brick groove, relatively to the bracket. It will *beunderstood that the pressure applied to the brick holding it backagainst the face of the supporting structure is exerted over a widemarginal region of the bricks, and there is little or no local stress ator near the center thereof, each brick being independently supportedfrom the bottom. There is also provided ample room for brick expansionin all directions. The construction gives a very positive lock againstbricks falling out from a vertical wall. The weight of each brick iscarried independently on a bracket carried from the steel structure.

A brick may be broken out of the wall and a new one put in its placewithout disturbing any adjacent brick. If the groove runs around allfour sides of the brick then the point of attachment and holding backcan be located anywhere along these four sides. This enables the bricksto be cut to shape and still be supported and kept held back to thesupporting structure.

If easy replacement of a damaged brick is not required, a wall can bebuilt in which the bracket of the clamping means has an upwardly as wellas a downwardly directed lip 5 to engage the brick grooves, loose keysbeing dispensed with, the advantage of adequate weight support of theindividual bricks being retained with no brick weakening.

In other words the bracket 4, Fig. 2, will have an additional lipadapted to enter the bottom groove 7 just as is the lip 5 of the bracket4 at the foot of Fig. 1, this bracket being the same as the otherbracket of the figure but turned about its tail by 180.

The bricks are preferably clamped against insulating material ll ofrelatively soft material arranged between the bricks and a harderinsulation layer l2- separating the whole from the outer casing IS, theclamping means themselves being in the form sa of bracket tail pieces Itprovided with slots l5 to receive tightening wedges or cotters [6.

What I claim is:

1. In a furnace wall having a lining comprising a plurality of blocksdisposed one above the other on the furnace chamber side of said wall,the lower side of a block being adjacent the upper side of the nextadjacent block, said upper and lower sides each having a groove thereinintermediate the opposite faces of the block and extendinglongitudinally of said sides, the grooves being in substantial verticalaligmnent, a plurality of brackets mounted on the wall and projectingtherefrom toward the lining, each bracket having a supporting member inabutting relationship with the lower side of a block from the face ofsaid block nearest the furnace wall to a point adjacent the side of saidgroove nearest the furnace wall, the supporting member having a lipprojecting downwardly into one of the grooves and toward the innerextremity thereof, the lip engaging said side'of the said groove nearestthe furnace Wall, said lip extending transversely of the groove to apoint short of theside thereof furthest from the furnace wall, and aseparate key member in the grooves, the key member comprising a bodyhaving opposite sides adjacent opposite sides of the grooves and havingan upper edge and a lower edge at the upper and lower extremities ofsaid opposite sides, the distance between said opposite edges being nogreater than the depth of the groove in the lower side of a block andthe distance between the opposite sides of the key member from the upperedge downwardly to a point intermediate said upper and lower edges beinggreater than the distance between said point short of the side of saidgroove furthest from the furnace wall and said side of the groovefurthest from the furnace well, said distance between the opposite sidesof the key member also being such that the upper portion of the memberwill slidably fit the upper groove, the distance between said oppositesides from the intermediate point to the lower edge of the body beingsuch that the lower portion of the member will slidably fit in the spacebetween said lip and the side of the groove furthest from the furnaceWall.

2. In a furnace wall having a lining comprising a plurality of blocksdisposed one above the other on the furnace chamber side of said Wall,the lower side of a block being adjacent the upper side of the nextadjacent block, said upper and lower sides each having a groove thereinintermediate the opposite faces of the block and extendinglongitudinally of said sides, the grooves being in substantial verticalalignment, a plurality of brackets mounted on the wall and projectingtherefrom toward the lining, each bracket having a supporting member inabutting relationship with the lower side of a block from the face ofsaid block nearest the furnace wall to a point adjacent the side of saidgroove nearest the furnace wall, the supporting member having a lipprojecting downwardly into one of the grooves and toward the innerextremity thereof, the lip extending longitudinally of the groove inengaging relationship with the side of the groove nearest the furnacewall and extending transversely of the groove to a point short of theside thereof furthest from the furnace wall, and a separate key memberin the grooves, the key member comprising a body having opposite sidesadjacent opposite sides of the grooves and extending longitudinallythereof, said sides having an upper edge and a lower edge at the upperand lower extremities of said opposite sides, the distance between saidopposite edges being no greater than the depth of the groove in thelower side of a block and the distance between the opposite sides of thekey member from the upper edge downwardly to a point intermediate saidupper and lower edges being greater than the distance between said pointshort of the side of said groove furthest from the furnace wall and saidside of the groove furthest from the furnace wall, said distance betweenthe opposite sides of the key member also being such that the upperportion of the member will slidably fit the upper groove, the distancebetween said opposite sides from the intermediate point to the loweredge of the body being such that the lower portion of the member willslidably fit in the space between said lip and the side of the groovefurthest from the furnace wall.

3. In a furnace wall having a lining comprising a plurality of blocksdisposed one above the other on the furnace chamber side of said wall,the lower side of a block being adjacent the upper side of the nextadjacent block, said upper and lower sides each having a groove thereinintermediate the opposite faces of the block and extendinglongitudinally of said sides, the grooves being in substantial verticalalignment, a plu- 'rality of brackets mounted on the wall and projectingtherefrom in a horizontal plane toward the lining, each bracket having asupporting member in abutting relationship with the lower side of ablock from the face of said block nearest the furnace wall to a pointadjacent the side of said groove nearest the furnace wall, thesupporting member having a lip projecting vertical- 13 downwardly intothe groove in the upper side of a block and longitudinally thereof, thelip engaging the side of said last-mentioned groove nearest the furnacewall and extending transversely of the groove to a point short of theside thereof furthest from the furnace wall, and a separate key memberin the grooves, the key member comprising an elongated body extendinglongitudinally of the grooves and having opposite sides adjacentopposite sides of the grooves and an upper edge and a lower edge at theupper and lower extremities of said opposite sides, the distance betweensaid opposite edges being no greater than the depth of the groove in thelower side of a block and the distance between the opposite sides of thekey member from the upper edge downwardly to a point intermediate saidupper and lower edges being greater than the distance between said pointshort of the side of said groove furthest from the furnace wall and saidside of the groove furthest from the furnace wall, said distance betweenthe'opposite sides of the ,key member also being such that the upperportion of the member will slidably fit the upper groove, the distancebetween said opposite sides from the intermediate point to the loweredge of the body being such that the lower portion of the member willslidably fit in the space between said lip and the side of the groovefurthest from the furnace wall.

4. In a furnace wall having a lining comprising a plurality of blocksdisposed one above the other on the furnace chamber side of said wall,the lower side of a block being adjacent the upper side of the nextadjacent block, said upper and lower sides each having a groove thereinintermediate the opposite faces of the block and extendinglongitudinally of said sides, the grooves being in substantial verticalalignment, a plurality of brackets mounted on the wall and pro-- jectingtherefrom toward the lining, each bracket having a supporting member inabutting relationship with the lower side of a block from the face ofsaid block nearest the furnace wall to a point adjacent the side of saidgroove nearest the furnace wall, the supporting member having a lipprojecting downwardly into one of the grooves toward the inner extremitythereof, the lip extending longitudinally of the groove in engagingrelationship with the side of the groove nearest the furnace wall andextending transversely of the groove to a point short of the sidethereof furthest from the furnace wall, and a'separate key member in thegrooves, the key member comprising a body of a length greater than thelength of said lip and having opposite sides adjacent opposite sides ofthe grooves, said sides having an upper edge and a lower edge at theupper and lower extremities of said opposite sides, the distance betweensaid opposite edges being no greater than the depth of the groove in thelower side of a block and the distance between the opposite sides of thekey member being greater than the distance between said point short ofthe side of said groove furthest from the furnace wall and said side ofthe groove furthest from the furnace wall, said distance between theopposite sides of the key member also being such that the member willslidably fit in the grooves, the key member being recessed from a pointintermediate said upper and lower edges to said lower edge, said recessextending into the body of the key from the side thereof nearest thefurnace wall to a point short of the opposite side of the member and fora distance no less than the distance the bracket lip projects into saidgroove and lengthwise of the body member from points in spacedrelationship with the opposite ends thereof for a distance no less thanthe length of the lip.

5. In a furnace wall having a lining comprisinga plurality of blocksdisposed one above the other on the furnace chamber side of said wall,the lower side of a block being adjacent the upper side of the nextadjacent block, said upper and lower sides each having a groove thereinintermediate the opposite faces of the block and ex tendinglongitudinally of said sides, the grooves being in substantial verticalalignment, a plurality of brackets mounted on the wall and projectin-gtherefrom in a horizontal plane toward the lining, each bracket having asupporting member in abutting relationship with the lower side of ablock from the face of said block nearest the furnace wall to a pointadjacent the side of said groove nearest the furnace wall, thesupporting member having a lip projecting vertically downwardly into thegroove in the upper side of a block and longitudinally thereof, the lipengaging the side of said last-mentioned groove nearest the furnacewall, said lip extending transversely of the groove to a point short ofthe side thereof furthest from the furnace wall, bracket securing meansacting upon a bracket and on the side of the wall opposite said furnaceside to maintain the lip in engagement with the side of a groove nearestthe furnace wall, and a separate key member in the grooves, the keymember comprising an elongated body extending longitudinally of thegrooves, the body having opposite sides adjacent opposite sides of thegrooves and an upper edge and a lower edge at the upper and lowerextremities of said opposite sides, the distance between said oppositeedges being no greater than the depth of the groove in the lower side ofa block and the distance between the opposite sides of the key memberbeing greater than the distance between said point short of the side ofsaid groove furthest from the furnace wall and said side of the groovefurthest from the furnace wall, said distance between the opposite sidesof the key member also being such that the member will slidably fit inthe grooves, the key member being recessed from a point intermediatesaid upper and lower edges to said lower edge, said recess extendinginto the body of the key from the side thereof nearest the furnace wallto a point short of the opposite side of the member and for a distanceno less than the distance the bracket lip projects into said groove andlengthwise of the body member from points in spaced relationship withthe opposite ends thereof for a distance no less than the length of thelip.

WILLIAM SAMPSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date -1,197,842 Meier Sept. 12, 19161,948,798 Nygaard Feb. 27, 1934 q 2,044,637 Ross June 16, 1936 12,460,052 Werner Jan. 25, 1949

